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 .TH LDAP 3 "13 May 2000" "OpenLDAP LDVERSION"  .TH LDAP 3 "RELEASEDATE" "OpenLDAP LDVERSION"
 .\" $OpenLDAP: pkg/ldap/doc/man/man3/ldap.3,v 1.10 2000/05/13 21:08:25 kurt Exp $  .\" $OpenLDAP: pkg/ldap/doc/man/man3/ldap.3,v 1.40.2.7 2010/04/13 20:22:37 kurt Exp $
 .\" Copyright 1998-2000 The OpenLDAP Foundation All Rights Reserved.  .\" Copyright 1998-2011 The OpenLDAP Foundation All Rights Reserved.
 .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.  .\" Copying restrictions apply.  See COPYRIGHT/LICENSE.
 .SH NAME  .SH NAME
 ldap - OpenLDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol API  ldap \- OpenLDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol API
   .SH LIBRARY
   OpenLDAP LDAP (libldap, \-lldap)
 .SH SYNOPSIS  .SH SYNOPSIS
 .nf  .nf
 .ft B  .ft B
Line 12  ldap - OpenLDAP Lightweight Directory Ac Line 14  ldap - OpenLDAP Lightweight Directory Ac
 .fi  .fi
 .SH DESCRIPTION  .SH DESCRIPTION
 .LP  .LP
 The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol provides TCP/IP access to  The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (RFC 4510) provides
 the X.500 Directory or to a stand-alone LDAP server.  access to X.500 directory services.  These services may be stand\-alone
 The OpenLDAP LDAP package includes a stand-alone server in  or part of a distributed directory service.  This client API supports
   LDAP over TCP (RFC 4511), LDAP over TLS/SSL, and LDAP over IPC (UNIX
   domain sockets).  This API supports SASL (RFC 4513) and Start TLS
   (RFC 4513) as well as a number of protocol extensions.  This API is
   loosely based upon IETF/LDAPEXT C LDAP API draft specification, a (orphaned)
   work in progress.
   .LP
   The OpenLDAP Software package includes a stand\-alone server in
 .BR slapd (8),  .BR slapd (8),
 various LDAP clients, and an LDAP client library used to provide  various LDAP clients, and an LDAP client library used to provide
 programmatic access to the LDAP protocol. This man page gives an  programmatic access to the LDAP protocol. This man page gives an
Line 24  Both synchronous and asynchronous APIs a Line 33  Both synchronous and asynchronous APIs a
 various routines to parse the results returned from these routines.  various routines to parse the results returned from these routines.
 These routines are found in the \-lldap library.  These routines are found in the \-lldap library.
 .LP  .LP
 The basic interaction is as follows.  A connection is made to an LDAP  The basic interaction is as follows.  A session handle is
 server by calling  created using
 .BR ldap_open (3).  .BR ldap_initialize (3)
 An LDAP bind operation is performed by calling  and set the protocol version to 3 by calling
 one of  .BR ldap_set_option (3).
 .BR ldap_bind (3)  The underlying session is established first operation is
 and friends.  Next, other operations are performed  issued.  This would generally be a Start TLS or Bind operation,
   or a Search operation to read attributes of the Root DSE.
   A Start TLS operation is performed by calling
   .BR ldap_start_tls_s (3).
   A LDAP bind operation is performed by calling
   .BR ldap_sasl_bind (3)
   or one of its friends.
   A Search operation is performed by calling ldap_search_ext_s(3)
   or one of its friends.
   
   Subsequently, additional operations are performed
 by calling one of the synchronous or asynchronous routines (e.g.,  by calling one of the synchronous or asynchronous routines (e.g.,
 .BR ldap_search_s (3)  .BR ldap_compare_ext_s (3)
 or  or
 .BR ldap_search (3)  .BR ldap_compare_ext (3)
 followed by  followed by
 .BR ldap_result (3)).  .BR ldap_result (3)).
 Results returned from these routines are interpreted by calling the  Results returned from these routines are interpreted by calling the
 LDAP parsing routines.  The LDAP association is terminated by calling  LDAP parsing routines such as
 .BR ldap_unbind (3).  .BR ldap_parse_result (3).
   The LDAP association and underlying connection is terminated by calling
   .BR ldap_unbind_ext (3).
 Errors can be interpreted by calling  Errors can be interpreted by calling
 .BR ldap_perror (3).  .BR ldap_err2string (3).
 The  .SH LDAP versions
 .BR ldap_set_rebind_proc (3)  This library supports version 3 of the Lightweight Directory Access
 routine can be used to set a routine to be called back when an LDAP bind  Protocol (LDAPv3) as defined in RFC 4510.  It also supports a variant
 operation needs to occur when handling a client referral.  of version 2 of LDAP as defined by U-Mich LDAP and, to some degree,
 .SH SEARCH FILTERS  RFC 1777.  Version 2 (all variants) are considered obsolete.
 Search filters to be passed to the ldap search routines can be  Version 3 should be used instead.
 constructed by hand, or by calling the  .LP
 .BR ldap_getfilter (3)  For backwards compatibility reasons, the library defaults to version 2.
 routines, which use the  Hence, all new applications (and all actively maintained applications)
 .BR ldapgetfilter.conf (5)  should use
 file to turn a string (presumably that a user has typed) into a series  .BR ldap_set_option (3)
 of search filters.  to select version 3.  The library manual pages assume version 3
   has been selected.
   .SH INPUT and OUTPUT PARAMETERS
   All character string input/output is expected to be/is UTF-8
   encoded Unicode (version 3.2). 
   .LP
   Distinguished names (DN) (and relative distinguished names (RDN) to
   be passed to the LDAP routines should conform to RFC 4514 UTF-8
   string representation. 
   .LP
   Search filters to be passed to the search routines are to be
   constructed by hand and should conform to RFC 4515 UTF-8
   string representation.
   .LP
   LDAP URLs to be passed to routines are expected to conform
   to RFC 4516 format.  The
   .BR ldap_url (3)
   routines can be used to work with LDAP URLs.
   .LP
   LDAP controls to be passed to routines can be manipulated using the
   .BR ldap_controls (3)
   routines.
 .SH DISPLAYING RESULTS  .SH DISPLAYING RESULTS
 Results obtained from the ldap search routines can be output by hand,  Results obtained from the search routines can be output by hand,
 by calling  by calling
 .BR ldap_first_entry (3)  .BR ldap_first_entry (3)
 and  and
Line 67  and Line 109  and
 .BR ldap_next_attribute (3)  .BR ldap_next_attribute (3)
 to step through an entry's attributes, and  to step through an entry's attributes, and
 .BR ldap_get_values (3)  .BR ldap_get_values (3)
 to retrieve a given attribute's value, and then calling  to retrieve a given attribute's values.  Attribute values
 .BR printf (3)  may or may not be displayable.
 or whatever to display the values.  
 .LP  
 Alternatively, the entry can be output automatically by calling  
 the  
 .BR ldap_entry2text (3),  
 .BR ldap_entry2text_search (3),  
 .BR ldap_entry2html (3),  
 or  
 .BR ldap_entry2html_search (3)  
 routines.  These routines look up the object  
 class of the entry they are passed in the  
 .BR ldaptemplates.conf (5)  
 file to decide which attributes to display and how to display them.  
 Output is handled via a routine passed in as a parameter.  
 .SH UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATORS (URLS)  
 The  
 .BR ldap_url (3)  
 routines can be used test a URL to see if it is an LDAP URL, to parse LDAP  
 URLs into their component pieces, and to initiate searches directly using  
 an LDAP URL.  
 .SH USER FRIENDLY NAMING  
 The  
 .BR ldap_ufn (3)  
 routines implement a user friendly naming  
 scheme via LDAP.  This scheme allows you to look up entries  
 using fuzzy, untyped names like "mark smith, umich, us".  
 .SH CACHING  
 The  
 .BR ldap_cache (3)  
 routines implement a local client caching scheme,  
 providing a substantial performance increase for repeated queries.  
 .SH UTILITY ROUTINES  .SH UTILITY ROUTINES
 Also provided are various utility routines.  The  Also provided are various utility routines.  The
 .BR ldap_sort (3)  .BR ldap_sort (3)
 routines are used to sort the entries and values returned via  routines are used to sort the entries and values returned via
 the ldap search routines.  The  the ldap search routines. 
 .BR ldap_friendly (3)  .SH DEPRECATED INTERFACES
 routines are  A number of interfaces are now considered deprecated.  For instance,
 used to map from short two letter country codes (or other strings)  ldap_add(3) is deprecated in favor of ldap_add_ext(3).
 to longer "friendlier" names.  .so Deprecated
 .SH CONNECTIONLESS ACCESS  
 The  
 .BR cldap_search_s (3)  
 routine allows you to access the directory  
 via Connectionless LDAP (CLDAP), which is similar to LDAP but  
 operates over UDP, obviating the need to set up and tear down  
 a connection by calling  
 .BR ldap_open (3),  
 .BR ldap_bind (3),  
 and  
 .BR ldap_unbind (3).  
 .BR cldap_open (3)  
 should be called before using  
 .BR cldap_search_s (3).  
 All the same getfilter, parsing, and display that can be used  
 with regular LDAP routines can be used with the CLDAP routines.  
 .SH BER LIBRARY  .SH BER LIBRARY
 Also included in the distribution is a set of lightweight Basic  Also included in the distribution is a set of lightweight Basic
 Encoding Rules routines.  These routines are used by the LDAP library  Encoding Rules routines.  These routines are used by the LDAP library
 routines to encode and decode LDAP protocol elements using the  routines to encode and decode LDAP protocol elements using the
 (slightly simplified) Basic Encoding Rules defined by LDAP.  They are  (slightly simplified) Basic Encoding Rules defined by LDAP.  They are
 not normally used directly by an LDAP application program.  The  not normally used directly by an LDAP application program except
 routines provide a printf and scanf-like interface, as well as  in the handling of controls and extended operations.  The
 lower-level access.  These routines are found in the liblber.a  routines provide a printf and scanf\-like interface, as well as
 library.  lower\-level access.  These routines are discussed in
   .BR lber\-decode (3),
   .BR lber\-encode (3),
   .BR lber\-memory (3),
   and
   .BR lber\-types (3).
 .SH INDEX  .SH INDEX
 .TP 20  .TP 20
 .SM ldap_open(3)  .SM ldap_initialize(3)
 open a connection to an LDAP server  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_init(3)  
 initialize the LDAP library without opening a connection to a server  initialize the LDAP library without opening a connection to a server
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_result(3)  .SM ldap_result(3)
 wait for the result from an asynchronous operation  wait for the result from an asynchronous operation
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_abandon(3)  .SM ldap_abandon_ext(3)
 abandon (abort) an asynchronous operation  abandon (abort) an asynchronous operation
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_add(3)  .SM ldap_add_ext(3)
 asynchronously add an entry  asynchronously add an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_add_s(3)  .SM ldap_add_ext_s(3)
 synchronously add an entry  synchronously add an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_bind(3)  .SM ldap_sasl_bind(3)
 asynchronously bind to the directory  asynchronously bind to the directory
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_bind_s(3)  .SM ldap_sasl_bind_s(3)
 synchronously bind to the directory  synchronously bind to the directory
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_simple_bind(3)  .SM ldap_unbind_ext(3)
 asynchronously bind to the directory using simple authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_simple_bind_s(3)  
 synchronously bind to the directory using simple authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_kerberos_bind_s(3)  
 synchronously bind to the directory using kerberos authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_kerberos_bind1(3)  
 asynchronously bind to the LDAP server using kerberos authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_kerberos_bind1_s(3)  
 synchronously bind to the LDAP server using kerberos authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_kerberos_bind2(3)  
 asynchronously bind to the DSA using kerberos authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_kerberos_bind2_s(3)  
 synchronously bind to the DSA using kerberos authentication  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_unbind(3)  
 synchronously unbind from the LDAP server and close the connection  synchronously unbind from the LDAP server and close the connection
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_unbind_s(3)  .SM ldap_unbind(3) and ldap_unbind_s(3) are
 equivalent to  equivalent to
 .BR ldap_unbind (3)  .BR ldap_unbind_ext (3)
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_memfree (3)  .SM ldap_memfree(3)
 dispose of memory allocated by LDAP routines.  dispose of memory allocated by LDAP routines.
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_enable_cache(3)  .SM ldap_compare_ext(3)
 enable LDAP client caching  asynchronously compare to a directory entry
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_disable_cache(3)  
 disable LDAP client caching  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_destroy_cache(3)  
 disable LDAP client caching and destroy cache contents  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_flush_cache(3)  
 flush LDAP client cache  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_uncache_entry(3)  
 uncache requests pertaining to an entry  
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_uncache_request(3)  .SM ldap_compare_ext_s(3)
 uncache a request  synchronously compare to a directory entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_set_cache_options(3)  .SM ldap_delete_ext(3)
 set cache options  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_compare(3)  
 asynchronous compare to a directory entry  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_compare_s(3)  
 synchronous compare to a directory entry  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_delete(3)  
 asynchronously delete an entry  asynchronously delete an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_delete_s(3)  .SM ldap_delete_ext_s(3)
 synchronously delete an entry  synchronously delete an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_init_templates(3)  
 initialize display template routines from a file  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_init_templates_buf(3)  
 initialize display template routines from a buffer  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_free_templates(3)  
 free display template routine memory  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_first_disptmpl(3)  
 get first display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_next_disptmpl(3)  
 get next display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_oc2template(3)  
 return template appropriate for objectclass  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_name2template(3)  
 return named template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_tmplattrs(3)  
 return attributes needed by template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_first_tmplrow(3)  
 return first row of displayable items in a template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_next_tmplrow(3)  
 return next row of displayable items in a template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_first_tmplcol(3)  
 return first column of displayable items in a template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_next_tmplcol(3)  
 return next column of displayable items in a template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_entry2text(3)  
 display an entry as text using a display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_entry2text_search(3)  
 search for and display an entry as text using a display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_vals2text(3)  
 display values as text  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_entry2html(3)  
 display an entry as HTML (HyperText Markup Language) using a display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_entry2html_search(3)  
 search for and display an entry as HTML using a display template  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_vals2html(3)  
 display values as HTML  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_perror(3)  
 print an LDAP error indication to standard error  
 .TP  
 .SM ld_errno(3)  .SM ld_errno(3)
 LDAP error indication  LDAP error indication
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_result2error(3)  
 extract LDAP error indication from LDAP result  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_errlist(3)  .SM ldap_errlist(3)
 list of ldap errors and their meanings  list of LDAP errors and their meanings
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_err2string(3)  .SM ldap_err2string(3)
 convert LDAP error indication to a string  convert LDAP error indication to a string
 .TP  .TP
   .SM ldap_extended_operation(3)
   asynchronously perform an arbitrary extended operation
   .TP
   .SM ldap_extended_operation_s(3)
   synchronously perform an arbitrary extended operation
   .TP
 .SM ldap_first_attribute(3)  .SM ldap_first_attribute(3)
 return first attribute name in an entry  return first attribute name in an entry
 .TP  .TP
Line 308  return next entry in a chain of search r Line 209  return next entry in a chain of search r
 .SM ldap_count_entries(3)  .SM ldap_count_entries(3)
 return number of entries in a search result  return number of entries in a search result
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_friendly_name(3)  
 map from unfriendly to friendly names  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_free_friendlymap(3)  
 free resources used by ldap_friendly(3)  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_get_dn(3)  .SM ldap_get_dn(3)
 extract the DN from an entry  extract the DN from an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_explode_dn(3)  
 convert a DN into its component parts  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_explode_rdn(3)  
 convert a RDN into its component parts  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_explode_dns(3)  
 convert a DNS-style DN into its component parts (experimental)  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_is_dns_dn(3)  
 check to see if a DN is a DNS-style DN (experimental)  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_dn2ufn(3)  
 convert a DN into user friendly form  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_get_values(3)  
 return an attribute's values  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_get_values_len(3)  .SM ldap_get_values_len(3)
 return an attribute values with lengths  return an attribute's values with lengths
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_value_free(3)  
 free memory allocated by ldap_get_values(3)  
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_value_free_len(3)  .SM ldap_value_free_len(3)
 free memory allocated by ldap_get_values_len(3)  free memory allocated by ldap_get_values_len(3)
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_count_values(3)  
 return number of values  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_count_values_len(3)  .SM ldap_count_values_len(3)
 return number of values  return number of values
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_init_getfilter(3)  .SM ldap_modify_ext(3)
 initialize getfilter routines from a file  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_init_getfilter_buf(3)  
 initialize getfilter routines from a buffer  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_getfilter_free(3)  
 free resources allocated by ldap_init_getfilter(3)  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_getfirstfilter(3)  
 return first search filter  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_getnextfilter(3)  
 return next search filter  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_build_filter(3)  
 construct an LDAP search filter from a pattern  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_setfilteraffixes(3)  
 set prefix and suffix for search filters  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_modify(3)  
 asynchronously modify an entry  asynchronously modify an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_modify_s(3)  .SM ldap_modify_ext_s(3)
 synchronously modify an entry  synchronously modify an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_mods_free(3)  .SM ldap_mods_free(3)
 free array of pointers to mod structures used by ldap_modify(3)  free array of pointers to mod structures used by ldap_modify_ext(3)
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_modrdn2(3)  
 asynchronously modify the RDN of an entry  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_modrdn2_s(3)  
 synchronously modify the RDN of an entry  
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_modrdn(3)  .SM ldap_rename(3)
 depreciated - use ldap_modrdn2(3)  asynchronously rename an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_modrdn_s(3)  .SM ldap_rename_s(3)
 depreciated - use ldap_modrdn2_s(3)  synchronously rename an entry
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_msgfree(3)  .SM ldap_msgfree(3)
 free results allocated by ldap_result(3)  free results allocated by ldap_result(3)
Line 401  return the message type of a message fro Line 245  return the message type of a message fro
 .SM ldap_msgid(3)  .SM ldap_msgid(3)
 return the message id of a message from ldap_result(3)  return the message id of a message from ldap_result(3)
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_search(3)  .SM ldap_search_ext(3)
 asynchronously search the directory  asynchronously search the directory
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_search_s(3)  .SM ldap_search_ext_s(3)
 synchronously search the directory  synchronously search the directory
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_search_st(3)  
 synchronously search the directory with timeout  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_search_s(3)  
 user friendly search the directory  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_search_c(3)  
 user friendly search the directory with cancel  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_search_ct(3)  
 user friendly search the directory with cancel and timeout  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_setfilter(3)  
 set filter file used by ldap_ufn(3) routines  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_setprefix(3)  
 set prefix used by ldap_ufn(3) routines  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_ufn_timeout(3)  
 set timeout used by ldap_ufn(3) routines  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_is_ldap_url(3)  .SM ldap_is_ldap_url(3)
 check a URL string to see if it is an LDAP URL  check a URL string to see if it is an LDAP URL
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_url_parse(3)  .SM ldap_url_parse(3)
 break up an LDAP URL string into its components  break up an LDAP URL string into its components
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_url_search(3)  
 asynchronously search using an LDAP URL  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_url_search_s(3)  
 synchronously search using an LDAP URL  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_url_search_st(3)  
 synchronously search using an LDAP URL and a timeout  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_init_searchprefs(3)  
 initialize searchprefs routines from a file  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_init_searchprefs_buf(3)  
 initialize searchprefs routines from a buffer  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_free_searchprefs(3)  
 free memory allocated by searchprefs routines  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_first_searchobj(3)  
 return first searchpref object  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_next_searchobj(3)  
 return next searchpref object  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_sort_entries(3)  .SM ldap_sort_entries(3)
 sort a list of search results  sort a list of search results
 .TP  .TP
Line 466  sort a list of attribute values Line 265  sort a list of attribute values
 .TP  .TP
 .SM ldap_sort_strcasecmp(3)  .SM ldap_sort_strcasecmp(3)
 case insensitive string comparison  case insensitive string comparison
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_set_string_translators(3)  
 set character set translation routines used by LDAP library  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_t61_to_8859(3)  
 translate from ISO-8859 characters to the T.61 characters  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_8859_to_t61(3)  
 translate from T.61 characters to the ISO-8859 characters  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_translate_from_t61(3)  
 translate from the T.61 character set to another character set  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_translate_to_t61(3)  
 translate to the T.61 character set from another character set  
 .TP  
 .SM ldap_enable_translation(3)  
 enable or disable character translation for an LDAP entry result  
 .TP  
 .SM cldap_open(3)  
 open a connectionless LDAP (CLDAP) session  
 .TP  
 .SM cldap_search_s(3)  
 perform a search using connectionless LDAP  
 .TP  
 .SM cldap_setretryinfo(3)  
 set retry and timeout information using connectionless LDAP  
 .TP  
 .SM cldap_close(3)  
 terminate a connectionless LDAP session  
 .SH SEE ALSO  .SH SEE ALSO
 .BR slapd (8)  .BR ldap.conf (5),
 .SH AUTHORS  .BR slapd (8),
 Tim Howes, Mark Smith, Gordon Good, Lance Sloan, and Steve Rothwell from  .BR draft-ietf-ldapext-ldap-c-api-xx.txt \ <http://www.ietf.org>
 the University of Michigan, along with help from lots of others.  
 .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 .B      OpenLDAP  .so ../Project
 is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project (http://www.openldap.org/).  .LP
 .B      OpenLDAP  These API manual pages are loosely based upon descriptions provided
 is derived from University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.    in the IETF/LDAPEXT C LDAP API Internet Draft, a (orphaned) work
   in progress.
   
Removed from v.1.11  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.40.2.8

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