Direct log on file (mostly useful for debugging purposes):
start slapd(8) with the -d option:
slapd -d 256 -d 128
will send logs on stderr; redirect to a file as needed.
Log on syslog: two ways
- in slapd.conf(5), set loglevel to the desired subsystem
(or subsystems):
loglevel 256 128
- start slapd(8) with the -s option:
slapd -s 256 -s 128
From OpenLDAP 2.3 on,-d, loglevel and -s accept friendly names; for example,
the above statements can become
slapd -d stats,acl
loglevel stats acl
slapd -s stats,acl
respectively.
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OpenLDAP Faq-O-Matic : 
How do I turn on slapd(8) logging?